РЕЗЮМЕ. У цьому дослідженні було вивчено дозозалежний вплив лунулярової кислоти (LA) на деякі фізіологічні, цитогенетичні, біохімічні та анатомічні параметри цибулин Allium cepa L. Експериментальним шляхом було проаналізовано такі фізіологічні параметри: відсоток проростання, довжина кореня, кількість коренів та свіжа маса; цитогенетичні параметри: частота мікроядер (MN), хромосомні аберації (CA) та мітотичний індекс (MI); біохімічні параметри визначали як рівні активності каталази (CAT), супероксиддисмутази (SOD), малондіальдегіду (MDA) та вміст вільного проліну (Pr). Крім того, було зроблено поперечні розрізи коренів і вивчено структурні зміни в клітинах меристеми. Цибулини розділили на чотири групи – контрольну та три групи для обробки. Цибулини з контрольної групи зберігали в кюветах, які містили водопровідну воду, цибулини груп обробки зберігали в кюветах, які містили 1 мМ, 5 мМ та 10 мМ LA, протягом 7 днів. Використання LA спричинило зниження всіх показників досліджуваних параметрів, збільшення частоти MN та CA і зниження мітотичного індексу порівняно з контрольною групою. Крім того, застосування LA спричинило дозозалежні підвищення активності CAT і SOD та рівнів MDA і Pr порівняно з контрольною групою. Застосування LA сприяло розвитку таких хромосомних аберацій, як «липка» хромосома, пошкодження ниток веретена, вагрантна хромосома, зворотна поляризація в клітинах кореневої меристеми. Після застосування LA спостерігали такі зміни анатомічної структури кореня, як деформація клітин епідермісу, сплюснуте ядро клітини та нечітка трансмісійна тканина; було встановлено, що ці зміни досягали свого максимуму при дозуванні LA в 10 мМ. Було визначено, що високі дози LA сприяють виникненню токсичності мультинаправленої дії і тест з використанням Allium дуже надійно визначає її токсичність.
Ключові слова: Allium cepa, система антиоксидантного захисту, проростання цибулин, генотоксичність, лунулярова кислота, пошкодження клітин меристеми
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