У роботі досліджено ефективність негайної імплантації фібринового матриксу, асоційованого з мезенхімними стромальними клітинами Вартонових драглів, на моделі травми спинного мозку (ТСМ). Роботу виконано на білих безпородних щурах-самцях (~260 г, 4–5 міс). Модель травми – лівобічний перетин половини спинного мозку на рівні сегментів Т13–L1. Відновлювальне лікування – негайна трансплантація у зону травми фібринового матриксу людини, асоційованого з мезенхімними стромальними клітинами Вартонових драглів людини (mesenchymal stromal cells, MSC, n = 9). Референтні групи – ізольована ТСМ (trauma, Tr, n = 7) та імплантація у зону травми фібринового матриксу людини (fibrin, Fb, n = 6). Рухову активність і спастичність паретичної кінцівки оцінювали, відповідно, за шкалою ВВВ і шкалою Ashworth у власних модифікаціях. Морфологічну картину у ділянці травми досліджували у віддаленому періоді з використанням імпрегнації поздовжніх зрізів спинного мозку азотнокислим сріблом. Виявлено, що мезенхімні стромальні клітини Вартонових драглів людини у присутності фібринового матриксу в культурі демонстрували ознаки активної життєдіяльності, росту і здатності до міграції. Інтенсивне збільшення рухової активності паретичної кінцівки у групі Fb обмежувалося першими 2-ма тижнями спостереження, у групі MSC – 3-ма. Впродовж усього експерименту рівень функції у групі MSC поступався рівню групи Fb, однак лише на першому тижні спостереження – достовірно. Через 5 міс показник рухової функції складав 10,4 ± 1,0 бала ВВВ (MSC) і 11,6 ± 2,0 бала ВВВ (Fb), а у групі Tr – 5,9 ± 1,6 бала ВВВ. Тим не менш, значущу різницю значень показника виявляли для груп MSC і Tr – через 6 тиж, 3 і 5 міс після імплантації. Істотну перевагу рівня спастичності у групі Tr над групою MSC виявляли через 6 і 7 тиж та через 5 міс після травми, а перевагу над показником групи Fb – через 7 тиж після травми. Достовірних відмінностей рівня спастичності між групами MSC і Fb протягом усього експерименту не виявлено. Таким чином, негайна імплантація фібринового матриксу у зону травми спинного мозку чинить позитивний вплив на відновлення рухової функції паретичної кінцівки тварини, особливо за наявності мезенхімних стромальних клітин Вартонових драглів людини.
Ключові слова: травма спинного мозку, Вартонові драглі, мезенхімні стромальні клітини, фібриновий матрикс, відновлення рухової функції, спастичність
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