Стаття присвячена гігантським веретеноподібним клітинам головного мозку, або гігантським веретенам – нейронам, котрі, як припускають, відіграють важливу роль у реалізації найскладніших форм психіки людини. У роботі детально оглянуто актуальні дані щодо розташування, морфологічних і морфометричних особливостей, молекулярного фенотипу цих нейронів, а також щодо величини, тангенційної, радіарної і міжвидової поширеності, онтогенетичної і вікової динаміки їх популяції. Детально висвітлено проблему означення й ідентифікації гігантських веретен як окремого виду нейронів головного мозку. Розглянуто можливі функції гігантських веретен, особливо з точки зору функції ділянок їх преферентного розташування – передньої, чи лобової частини острівця і передньої поясної кори. Також, зібрано наявні дані щодо можливої участі гігантських веретен у психічній і неврологічній патології. У другій частині статті детально розглянуто питання відкриття гігантських веретен, ролі видатних нейроморфологів – В. Беца, С. Рамон-і-Кахаля і К. фон Економо у описанні цих клітин. На основі аналізу наявних праць і свідчень сучасних дослідників, ми демонструємо, що В. Бец надав перший лаконічний опис локалізації і морфології гігантських веретен, який з точки зору сучасності можна вважати достатнім для означення цих клітин як окремої популяції веретеноподібних нейронів головного мозку.
Ключові слова: гігантські веретеноподібні клітини головного мозку, кора головного мозку, цитоархітек тоніка, порівняльна біологія, історія нейронауки, Володимир Бец, Сантьяго Рамон-і-Кахаль, Константин фон Економо

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