Keywords:
SUUMARY. The article is devoted to giant fusiform cells of the brain, or more simply, giant spindles – neurons, which are believed to play an essential role in implementing the most complex forms of the human psyche. The paper reviews in detail the current data on the location, morphological and morphometric features, and molecular phenotype of these neurons, as well as on the size, tangential, radial, and interspecific distribution, ontogenetic, and age dynamics of their population. The problem of designation and identification of giant spindles as a separate type of brain neurons is covered in detail. The possible functions of giant spindles are considered, especially, taking into account the function of the cortical areas where these neurons are located, i.e. frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex. Also, the article collects available data on the possible involvement of giant spindles in mental and neurological pathology. In the second part of the article, the issue of the discovery of giant spindles, the role of prominent neuromorphologists – V. Betz, S. Ramon y Cajal, and C. von Economo – in the description of these cells were discussed in details. Based on the analysis of existing works and the data of modern researchers, we demonstrate that Volodymyr Betz provided the first concise description of the localization and morphology of giant spindles, which, from the point of view of modernity can be considered sufficient to define these cells as a separate morphological population of spindle-shaped brain neurons.
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