Цитологія і генетика 2021, том 55, № 5, 36-52
Cytology and Genetics 2021, том 55, № 5, 433–446, doi: https://www.doi.org/10.3103/S0095452721050030

Сучасні підходи до визначення грибів роду Fusarium, що вражають пшеницю

Карелов А.В., Борзих О.І., Козуб Н.О., Созінов І.О., Янсе Л.А., Созінова О.І., Ткаленко Г.М., Міщенко Л.Т., Блюм Я.Б.

  1. Інститут захисту рослин Національної академії аграрних наук України, 03022, вул. Васильківська, 33, Київ
  2. ДУ «Інститут харчової біотехнології і геноміки НАН України», 04123, вул. Осиповського, 2а, Київ
  3. ННЦ «Інститут біології та медицини», Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, 01601, вул. Володимирська, 64/13, Київ

Гриби роду Fusarium є особливо небезпечними фітопатогенами, які, серед інших сільськогосподарських культур, уражують і пшеницю м’яку (Triticum aestivum L.), оскільки, окрім втрат урожаю, можуть призводити до отруєнь людей та худоби. В огляді висвітлено сучасний стан проблеми визначення грибів роду Fusarium, що уражують пшеницю м’яку. Методи мікробіологічного визначення фузаріїв досі входять до лабораторних протоколів та рекомендацій, тому в огляді згадано деякі з найпопулярніших родо- та видоспецифічних середовищ. Однак значно більшу увагу в сучасних публікаціях приділяють визначенню грибів роду Fusarium за допомогою полімеразної ланцюгової реакції (ПЛР). Тому в огляді висвітлено можливі тест-системи для традиційної ПЛР для визначення представників роду загалом або ж таких, які продукують особливо небезпечні метаболіти (ніваленол, дезоксиніваленол, 3-ацетилдезоксиніваленол, 4-ацетилніваленол та енніатин). Наведено пари праймерів для якісного визначення наявності в дослідних зразках тих чи інших видів фузаріїв або їх комбінацій. Для ПЛР у реальному часі, які можна використати для більш точного якісного та кількісного родо- та видоспецифічного визначення збудників фузаріозу, описано деталі протоколів, послідовності праймерів та зондів; для зондів наведено рекомендовані фарбники. Для деяких пар праймерів також вказано додаткову інформацію щодо їх валідації і чутливості тест-систем. Отже методики, наведені в огляді, є достатньо точними та вичерпними, можуть бути використаними у комбінації та окремо для родо- і видоспецифічного якісного або кількісного визначення грибів роду Fusarium.

Ключові слова: Fusarium, снігова пліснява, фузаріоз колоса, пшениця, молекулярні маркери

Цитологія і генетика
2021, том 55, № 5, 36-52

Current Issue
Cytology and Genetics
2021, том 55, № 5, 433–446,
doi: 10.3103/S0095452721050030

Повний текст та додаткові матеріали

Цитована література

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