SUMMARY. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable progressive neurodegenerative disease, notable for degradation of the neuronal network, dementia, depression, and amy-loidosis. The aim of the study was to determine effective duration of nasal application of a spray of liposomal form of curcumin (Cur) and microRNA-101 (miR-101) using the experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats. The homogenates of neocortex and hippocampus of the rat brain were used to measure the concentration of endogenous β-amyloid peptide 40 (Rat_Аβ 1–40), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and cytokines: inter-leukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It was determined that in the hippocampus of the brain of the rats with AD without treatment, the concentration of Rat_Аβ 1–40 was increased on day 10–20 of the disease development, and in the neocortex – only on day 30. Nasal therapy using the spray of the liposomal form of the Cur + miR-101 mixture demonstrated the antiamyloidogenic effect, starting on day 5 of the treatment in both regions of the rat brain. The anti-inflammatory effect of the nasal therapy using the spray of the liposomal form of Cur + miR-101 was registered starting on day 15 of the treatment for IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 due to the ability of curcumin to inhibit the transcription of their genes. The antioxidant effect of the spray of the liposomal form of Cur + miR-101 was observed in all the treatment periods in neocortex and hippocampus of the rats with the AD model and the increase in the eNOS content of days 10, 20, and 30 of the disease in the hippocampus, and on days 20 and 30 – in the neocortex of the brain of the rats without treatment. The antiamyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect of the nasal therapy using the spray of the liposomal form of curcumin and microRNA-101 in the hippocampus and neocortex of the brain with AD were demonstrated. It was determined that the effective treatment duration should be at least 15 days.
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