SUMMARY. For the first time, the FISH was used to map 5S and 45S rDNA sequences in two species of the genus Iris L. 10 major 45S rDNA sites were detected on chromosomes and interphase nuclei of Iris pumila L. and 6 sites in Iris pseudopumila Tineo. 12 loci 5S rDNA were found in I. pumila, while only two in I. pseudopumila. A high level of mixoploidy was revealed in I. pumila plants, which is probably associated with the hybrid origin of the species. Given the results obtained, it is quite likely that I. pseudopumila may be one of the parental forms of the allotetraploid I. pumila. The data obtained are the basis for further evolutionary studies of this species. The evolutionary changes of diploid ancestral forms following the formation of allopolyploids, and the importance of ribosomal DNA sequences in detecting these changes are discussed.
Keywords: Iris рumila L., Iris pseudopumila Tineo, aneuploidy, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 5S and 45S rDNA genes
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