В останні десятиріччя зусилля фахівців з різних галузей медицини спрямовані на визначення ролі стресу у виникненні раку та подальшій пухлинній прогресії за рахунок інвазивно-міграційного розповсюдження злоякісно трансформованих клітин та утворення метастазів. Лише суб’єктивних стверджень про існування зв’язку між розвитком злоякісного процесу та дією факторів, які здатні викликати злоякісну трансформацію клітин, недостатньо. На сьогодні доказовими визнані результати досліджень, які отримані в експериментах in vitro та in vivo, або підтверджені численними клінічними спостереженнями ex vivo. В огляді літератури порушені питання щодо проявів стресу на клітинному рівні, який розглядається як тригер пухлинної прогресії. Показано, що клітинний стрес це широкий діапазон внутрішньоклітинних структурно-функціональних змін та молекулярних перебудов, які відбуваються у клітинах у відповідь на стресові фактори навколишнього середовища, включно механічні пошкодження, екстремальні температури, вплив травми, гіпоксії, окислювального стресу, а також деяких вірусних інфекцій. Охарактеризовані механізми, за якими внутрішньоклітинні порушення, сприяють злоякісному росту, прогресії різних за гістогенезом новоутворень. Зокрема, це пошкодження ДНК, утворення розгорнутого білка, мітохондріального сигнального стресу, стресу ендоплазматичного ретикулуму, проліферації або елімінації пошкоджених клітин. Показано, що клітини можуть реагувати на стрес різними способами, починаючи від активації шляхів виживання до ініціації клітинної смерті. Таким чином, структурно-функціональні та молекулярно-біологічні зміни на клітинному та субклітинному рівнях, що відбуваються внаслідок клітинного стресу, необхідно, з одного боку, враховувати як можливі мішені при розробці методів таргетної хіміотерапії, з іншого – при плануванні засобів профілактики виникнення злоякісних новоутворень.
Ключові слова: клітинний стрес, стресорні фактори, внутрішньоклітинні органели, структурно-функціональні порушення, канцерогенез, проліферація, інвазія, метастазування, апоптоз
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