РНК-інтерференція (РНКі) являє собою новий потенційний інструмент для селекції рослин шляхом впровадження невеликих некодуючих послідовностей РНК із можливістю глушіння експресії генів специфічним для послідовності способом. Здатність до зниження експресії певного гена забезпечує можливість набуття нової характеристики шляхом елімінації або накопичення певних ознак рослин, що приводить до біохімічних або фенотипових змін, яких не мають вихідні рослини. У даному огляді літератури описано досягнутий за останні десятиріччя прогрес у застосуванні РНКі для створення злакових культур з поліпшеними господарсько-цінними ознаками. Коротко представлені основні етапи механізму глушіння генів, опосередкованого короткими інтерферуючими РНК (кіРНК), особливості їхнього біогенезу, спосіб дії та розповсюдження. Узагальнено численні приклади розробки різних біотехнологічних підходів до поліпшення злаків з використанням трансформації генів та екзогенних дволанцюгових молекул РНК (длРНК). Висвітлено можливості застосування технології РНКі для зміни агрономічних ознак рослин, підвищення харчової цінності та якості зерна, зменшення кількості токсичних сполук та алергенів. Значна увага приділена практичним результатам різноманітного застосування РНКі для підвищення стійкості зернових культур до біотичних стресових чинників, зокрема таких як віруси, бактерії, гриби, комахи-шкідники, нематоди. Наводяться приклади використання РНКі, опосередкованої кіРНК, для покращення резистентності зернових до абіотичних стресів, зокрема посухи та засолення.
Ключові слова: злакові культури, РНК-інтерференція, трансгенні рослини, агрономічні ознаки, якість зерна, стійкість до абіотичних та біотичних стресі
Повний текст та додаткові матеріали
Цитована література
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