Екстремальні температури належать до найбільш небезпечних стресових абіотичних чинників, вплив яких на рослини особливо посилюється останніми десятиліттями. В огляді проаналізовано новітні відомості про механізми рецепції сигналу гіпертермії рослинними клітинами. Розглянуто роль флюїдизації мембран, зміни стану кальцієвих каналів та посилення генерації активних форм кисню в сприйнятті сигналів гіпертермії. Окремо узагальнено значення газотрансмітерів (NO, H2S) та їх взаємодії з іншими посередниками в трансдукції сигналів теплового стресу до ядра клітини. Проаналізовано роль ключових транскрипційних факторів (HSF, MBF, NAC та WRKY) в адаптації рослин до високих температур. Узагальнено сучасні уявлення про механізми активації і функціонування основних протекторних систем, що забезпечують стійкість рослин до гіпертермії (синтез білків теплового шоку, антиоксидантна і осмопротекторна системи). Наведено приклади генетич-ного поліпшення теплостійкості рослин шляхом трансформації генів, причетних до контролю вказаних систем.
Ключові слова: гіпертермія, теплостійкість рослин, сенсори теплового стресу, кальцій, АФК, газотранс-мітери, фактори теплового шоку (HSF), білки теплового шоку (HSP), антиоксидантна система
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