Явище позитивного впливу інтронів на експресію гена, в якому вони знаходяться, що отримало назву інтрон-опосередкованого посилення (IME), характерне для широкого кола різноманітних організмів, включаючи нематод, комах, ссавців, грибів та рослин, відбувається завдяки досі невизначеному фундаментальному механізму. IME інтрони вже тривалий час використовуються, зокрема, у біотехнології рослин. Розуміння механізмів даного явища дозволить передбачати та легко генерувати стимулюючі інтрони із заданими властивостями та створювати дуже вигідні фенотипи. Це також увімкне зелене світло для використання IME у генній терапії та для покращення виробництва фармацевтичних білків. У огляді проаналізовано раніше запропоновані моделі механізмів функціонування IME і виділено фактори, які можуть напряму або опосередковано визначати IME за різних умов і на різних рівнях експресії генів, таких як експериментальні методи дослідження ІМЕ, регуляторні РНК, властивості послідовності, позиція та орієнтація інтронів, фактори на рівні ДНК, транскрипції, сплайсингу, мРНК, трансляції, гени, у яких виявляється IME, тканинна специфічність, репресія та співвідношення за значенням між деякими з факторів. Оскільки не існує єдиного механізму IME, і ефект може відрізнятись у різних видів, при моделюванні цього процесу слід порівнювати між собою лише випадки IME, які впливають на експресію на одному і тому ж самому рівні, враховуючи експериментальні умови. Виділення біологічних факторів, які можуть визначати IME, та співвідношень між ними допоможе в подальшому створити відповідний набір даних, зручний для машинного навчання, та спробувати розгадати таємницю феномену IME за допомогою машинного навчання.
Ключові слова: Інтрон, експресія гена, інтрон-опосе-редковане посилення, ІМЕ, фактори ІМЕ, регуляція експресії, машинне начання
Повний текст та додаткові матеріали
Цитована література
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