Тандемно організовані повторювані ділянки (повтори), які кодують 5S рРНК (5S рДНК) є життєво важливим компонентом геномів еукаріот. Зазвичай повтори 5S рДНК є високо подібними в межах геному завдяки концертному характеру еволюції цього типу повторів. Кожен повтор 5S рДНК складається з еволюційно консервативної кодувальної ділянки (coding sequence – CDS) та мінливого міжгенного спейсера (intergenic spacer – IGS). 5S рДНК являє собою популярну модель для вивчення молекулярної еволюції повторюваних послідовностей, а висока швидкість накопичення мутацій у IGS обумовлює його широке використання у філогенетичному аналізі близькоспоріднених таксонів. Тим не менш, 5S рДНК все ще залишається недослідженою для багатьох груп вищих рослин, і зокрема, родини Plumbaginaceae. Деякі таксони цієї родини є ендеміками Півдня України, які занесені до Червоної книги. Проте, їх таксономічний статус є суперечливим, і для його прояснення необхідно застосування методів молекулярної філогенетики. У цій роботі ми дослідили молекулярну організацію 5S рДНК представників чотирьох родів найбільшої у родині Plumbaginaceae триби Limonieae. Встановлено, що у CDS 5S рДНК представників родів Limonium, Armeria та Ceratolimon наявні поодинокі мутації, які не заважають формуванню вторинної структури 5S рРНК. На противагу цьому, у геномах видів роду Goniolimon, окрім функціонально повноцінних повторів 5S рДНК знайдено численні псевдогени, що еволюціонують неконцертним способом та містять багато мутацій у CDS, які порушують вторинну структуру 5S рРНК. Значна філогенетична дистанція між представниками підродів Pteroclados та Limonium роду Limonium свідчить, що Pteroclados може вважатись окремим родом. Висока швидкість молекулярної еволюції робить IGS 5S рДНК зручним інструментом для реконструкції філогенетичних відносин в межах досліджуваних родів триби Limonieae та баркодингу українських ендеміків роду Limonium.
Ключові слова: 5S рДНК, генетичний поліморфізм, молекулярна еволюція та філогенія, повторювані послідовності, псевдогени, Armeria, Ceratolimon, Goniolimon, Limonium
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