SUMMARY. Yellow rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis West. (synonym – P. glumarum Erikss. et Henn.), is a dangerous factor that leads to significant shortages of soft wheat grain yield and deterioration of its quality. Recent studies indicate the expansion of highly virulent strains of yellow rust from the Prima Himalayan region and their displacement of less pathogenic European races of P. striiformis, which poses a real danger to the agricultural sector in Europe, including Ukraine, as most wheat varieties are resistant to local races of P. striiformis, are sensitive to highly virulent strains of this region. In this regard, the assessment of resistance to the yellow rust pathogen of 558 varieties and lines of winter soft wheat, in particular, on the infectious background – 171 and on the natural background – 387 were done. Samples of winter wheat in the collection came from 17 countries, but most of them were Ukrainian selection. As a result of screening of resistance of varieties and lines of winter wheat to yellow rust, it was found that only 19 (or 3 %) samples showed appropriate resistance. Analysis with molecular markers of the yellow rust-resistant wheat samples for the presence of the Yr10 and Yr36 genes did not reveal any sample containing at least one of these genes. At the same time, the results of screening using molecular markers Xbarc8, S23M41-310, S23M41-140, dp269 indicate the presence of DNA fragments of different lengths associated with alleles of resistance of the Yr5, Yr15 and YrSp genes in four cultivars of Ukrainian selection.
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