SUMMARY. The genetic structure of the Holstein cattle population raised in Ukraine was studied by beta-casein and tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphism. Polymorphism of the beta-casein gene (CSN2) was analyzed by A1 and A2 allelic variants using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene using PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) that included the SacI-polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene (marker mutation –824A > G) and the RsaI-polymorphism in the fourth exon. It was demonstrated that both loci are polymorphic in the research cattle population. For each of the polymorphic loci, main genetic parameters of the Holstein cattle population were determined. For the CSN2 locus, a significant prevalence of allele A2 frequency over A1 was established (0.78 versus 0.22). In the case of the SacI- and RsaI-polymorphisms of TNF-α, maximum values (1.980 and 1.988) were found for the locus’s polymorphism level (number of effective alleles). For both TNF-α gene mutations, actual parity was established by distribution of allele frequencies (0.55 and 0.45 for SacI-polymorphism; 0.54 and 0.46 for RsaI-polymorphism). Regarding the RsaI-polymorphism in the fourth exon of TNF-α, there was a deviation from the state of genetic equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg, with a significant excess the number of heterozygous individuals (25 %) in the research population. Analysis of the milk production of individuals with different CSN2 genotypes revealed that individuals with the A2A2 genotype had higher standard milk yields compared to individuals with the A1A1 genotype (p = 0.042). There were no significant differences in milk yield for two lactations between individuals with different genotypes by SacI- and RsaI-polymorphisms of the TNF-α gene.
Keywords: polymorphism, gene, marker, selection, cattle, beta-casein, restriction
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