TSitologiya i Genetika 2024, vol. 58, no. 2, 24-43
Cytology and Genetics 2024, vol. 58, no. 2, 99–114, doi: https://www.doi.org/10.3103/S0095452724020099

Strategies for engineering of virus resistant plants: focus on RNases

Potrokhov A.O., Ovcharenko O.O.

  • Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 148, Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine

SUMMARY. Currently, there are about six and a half thousand species of viruses known in the world, among which more than one and a half thousand are phytoviruses. Most plant viruses are capable of causing epiphytoties, which lead to decreased yields, reduced product quality, and sometimes put valuable commertial varieties or even entire plant species at risk of extinction. The glo-bal spread of viruses leads to the need to strengthen phytosanitary and quarantine restrictions, which re-quires additional financial costs. Understanding of the viral biology and the principles of their propagation is a key factor in the formation of strategies and methods of combating these pathogens. Among the newest ap-proaches are the genetic engineering technologies. Their use made it possible to create a number of plant varieties with increased resistance to viruses. However, the problem of creating virus-resistant plants still remains one of the most urgent, since with time viruses acquire the ability to bypass defense mechanisms and there is a need to obtain new resistant varieties. There are several main approaches for obtaining of transgenic plants with increased resistance to viruses. They are based on: RNA interference, resistance associated with viral capsid proteins, RNA-satellites, antisense RNAs, replicases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the ac-tion of ribonucleases, ribosome-inactivating proteins, hammerhead ribozymes, miRNAs, plant antibodies, ets. One of the approaches to creating of virus-resistant plants is the use of ribonucleases genes. The genes encoding ribonucleases have different natural origin and belong to a wide range of hosts: bacteria, fungi, plants, animals. In particular, extracellular ribonucleases are able to cut non-specifically molecules of viral RNA in apoplast, that allows to create plants with increased resistance to various phytoviruses. This review is focused on the study of various genetic engineering approaches and the prospects of their use for the creation of virus-resistant plants. Emphasis is placed on the study of heterologous ribonuclease genes influence.

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TSitologiya i Genetika
2024, vol. 58, no. 2, 24-43

Current Issue
Cytology and Genetics
2024, vol. 58, no. 2, 99–114,
doi: 10.3103/S0095452724020099

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