SUMMARY. Brassinosteroids are plant hormones that play an es-sential role in plant growth, development, and stress responses, for example, in the induction of tolerance to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in plants that is the dramatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is known to be induced by methyl viologen herbicide. Since calcium plays a vital role in brassinosteroid signaling in plants and tightly interacts with the ROS network, the role of calcium was studied in bras-sinosteroid-induced modulation of ROS balance with the application of transgenic tobacco 35S::AtCAX1 plants. It was found that 35S::AtCAX1 tobacco plants harboring artificial calcium shortage in the cytosol were more sensitive to methyl viologen-induced oxidative damage. The level of lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione was higher, but the activation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was lower in the mutated plants. In 35S::AtCAX1 plants, the effect of brassinosteroids on the oxidative state parameters was modified. Brassinosteroid-induced partial restoration of chlorophyll level, reduction of lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activation were less evident in the transgenic plants. The results of gene co-expression analysis, protein-protein interactions, and post-trans-lational modifications in silico demonstrated that by applying calcium-dependent signaling events, brassinosteroids regulated the mechanisms of response to methyl viologen in tobacco plants, contributing to the balance of reactive oxygen species production.
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