SUMMARY. keletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue that contains contractile fibers of various types. Their proportion depends on heredity, type of exercise, sex, age and muscle type. In addition, there are large numbers of stem cells (myosatellitocytes) in the muscle tissue. Myosatellitocytes are used to heal or regenerate micro-tears always occurring in the muscles during intense physical exercises. Myosatellitocytes can reside in an inactive «dormant» state for a long time, but, if necessary, can be activated quickly to provide the effective repair of damaged muscle fibers. The metabolism of myosatellitocytes and myoblasts and their migration to the damage area are regulated by a complicated system of cytokines and transcription factors, whose activity depends on many factors. Muscle micro-tears are the determining factor, initiating the development of a local inflammation and activation of myosatellitocytes in the muscle. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms of interrelationships between muscle tissue inflammation and changes in the metabolism of myosatellitocytes is necessary to select efficient remedies for muscle recovery and regeneration.
Keywords: myosatellite cells, single nucleotide polymorphisms, transcription factors, skeletal muscle, regeneration
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