Organization of the 5S rDNA intergenic spacer and its use in molecular taxonomy of the genus Aconitum L.

Tynkevich Y.O., Novikov A.V., Chorney I.I., Volkov R.А.

SUMMARY. The genus Aconitum L. includes a large number of toxic and pharmaceutical important plants. One of the centers of diversity of this genus is located on the territory of the Eastern Carpathians. In this region there are many representatives of the genus with unclear taxonomic status, in particular, members of the complex A. anthora s. l. The taxonomic position of this complex within the genus also remains controversial, as the regions of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes previously used for phylogenetic analysis appeared to be insufficiently variable. Therefore, the search for an optimal molecular marker with a high level of polymorphism within the genus Aconitum remains a relevant task. The 5S rDNA IGS (intergenic spacer) is an evolutionarily variable region of the nuclear genome, which was previously successfully used for phylogeny reconstruction in many groups of angiosperms. In this work, using methods of molecular genetics and bioinformatics, we obtained 5S rDNA IGS sequences for representatives of the A. anthora complex and phylogenetically distant species of the genus Aconitum. Analysis of IGS sequences showed that this region is relatively long in species of the genus, 574–619 bp. The IGS variability is due to numerous nucleotide substitutions, while short oligonucleotide indels occur only at the 5′ end of the spacer. Four conserved regions were found in the IGS of Aconitum, two of which correspond to the external promoter and terminator elements of RNA polymerase III, while the function of the other two regions remains unknown. First of them shows homology to the 5S rRNA coding region, while the second one demonstrates high similarity to the sequences from the genomes of representatives of taxonomically distant families of monocots and dicots, suggesting horizontal gene transfer. The phylogenetic analysis applying the 5S rDNA IGS supports the inter-pretation of A. anthora s. l. as a separate subgenus within the genus Aconitum.

Key words: 5S rDNA intergenic spacer, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), molecular evolution and taxonomy, Aconitum, Ranunculaceae

Tsitologiya i Genetika 2022, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 19-30

1. Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University Kotsiubynsky str. 2, 58012 Chernivtsi, Ukraine
2. State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Teatralna str. 18, 79008 Lviv, Ukraine

E-mail: r.volkov chnu.edu.ua

Tynkevich Y.O., Novikov A.V., Chorney I.I., Volkov R.А. Organization of the 5S rDNA intergenic spacer and its use in molecular taxonomy of the genus Aconitum L., Tsitol Genet., 2022, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 19-30.

In "Cytology and Genetics":
Yu. O. Tynkevich, A. V. Novikov, I. I. Chorney & R. A. Volkov Organization of the 5S rDNA Intergenic Spacer and Its Use in the Molecular Taxonomy of the Genus Aconitum L., Cytol Genet., 2022, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 494–503
DOI: 10.3103/S0095452722060111

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