Ceylon oak (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken), belonging to Sapindaceae family, is a widely used plant for its medicinal properties. Currently, few studies have been conducted on Ceylon oak’s genetic background and its relationship with other closely related plants in Thailand. Therefore, this study focused on the analysis of nucleotide sequences to understand the genetic diversity and relationship of Ceylon oak with longan and lychee. The nucleotide sequencing of six loci, namely ITS2, matK, rbcL, trnHpsbA, trnLi and trnL trnF were analyzed in 5 Ceylon oak samples collected from various locations in Thailand and then were additionally aligned with nucleotide sequences of 36 longan samples and 2 lychee samples (7 species) (GenBank accession numbers KY174077KY174314). The sequencing results were then used to construct a phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood criteria. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the highest InDel polymorphism of trnHpsbA fragment which can be developed as a DNA molecular marker in the identification of Ceylon oak. Interestingly, the K2P pairwise distance analysis revealed a high degree of genetic variation between Ceylon oak, longan and lychee samples and the combination of either matK and trnHpsbA or matK and ITS2 provided the most potential candidate DNA barcoding region for discrimination of Ceylon oak from longan and lychee. The phylogenetic tree showed that Ceylon oak is completely different from longan and lychee. This is the first report of phylogenetic information among Ceylon oak, longan and lychee in Thailand which might be used to assist Ceylon oak conservation and breeding program in the future.
Keywords: Ceylon oak (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken), Sapindaceae, DNA barcoding, Phylogenetic analysis
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