SUMMARY. Camelina or false flax (Camelina sativa) is considered as one of the most perspective oilseed crops for oil-based biofuel production. It is known that the center of origin of false flax is located in Eastern Europe, were this species arised via polyploidisation or crossing between wild relatives from Camelina genus. As a result of such evolutionary event camelina possesses by low level of genetic diversity, what sets restrictions on breeding improvement of this crop. Despite number of investigations, focused on evaluation of camelina varieties genetic polymorphism, the diversity of Ukrainian cultivars has not been assessed yet, although this region is a part of camelina center of origin. Here we firstly report about complex evaluation of genetic similarity of Ukrainian camelina breeding lines and cultivars, as well as analysis of morphometric and yield parameters as well as fatty acid composition of their seed oil. According to the results of chromatographic analysis, two camelina genotypes represented particular interest (FEORZhYaF-2 and FEORZhYaFD) due to high content of fatty acids with short carbon chain (less than C18) in seed lipids. Additionally, genetic distances between investigated accessions were identified using ISSR, SSR and ILP (actin and β-tubulin) markers. Obtained data were compared with crop productivity and morphometric parameters to determine the most desirable genotype pairs for further cross breeding. Thus, different crossing combinations of breeding lines FEORZhYaF-2 and FEORZhYaFD with varieties Mirazh and Peremoha might theoretically result in heterosis exhibition in first generation. Described approach for assessment of camelina germplasm collections during breeding process could be considered as powerful tool for significant increasing of this oilseed improvement efficiency of improvement.
Keywords: Brassicaceae, oilseeds, breeding, camelina, Camelina sativa, fatty acids, bio-jet fuel, heterosis, molecular markers, marker-assisted breeding
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