Apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms have different affinity to lipoprotein (LP) receptors and lipids. In comparison with the «normal» apoE3 the apoE2 affinity to receptors is strictly decreased influencing its association with hypoholesterolemia and accumulation of LP of very-low density in the plasma. The apoE4 is characterized by the increased affinity to LP receptors and is associated with hyperholesterolemia (HCHL). In the homozygotes on allele e2 the gender, age, obesity, diabetes and some other factors have an influence on conversion of hypoholesterolemia to type III hyperlipidemia. The ApoE4 association with HCHL may be due to its impaired recycling in hepatocytes. The ApoE isoforms influence the hypolipidemic therapy efficacy: statins and physical training were more effective in e2 allele carriers and probucol and low-fat diet had the maximal effect in e4 allele carriers.
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